Estudo sobre SIP, SIP-I, SIP-T e a comparação
- Atualmente, dois sistemas padrão estão disponíveis para a interoperabilidade entre softswitch SIP e a tradicional PSTN: o conjunto de protocolos SIP for Telephones (SIP-T), da IETF, e o conjunto de protocolos SIP with Encapsulated ISUP (SIP-I), da ITU-T.
SIP
- SIP é um conjunto de protocolos de sinalização para estabelecer, modificar e terminar sessões IP, incluindo a conferência multimídia sobre IP.
- Algumas funções
- Tradução de nome e localização de usuário: SIP utiliza um conjunto de mecanismos de nomes semelhantes para o endereço de e-mail. Cada usuário é determinado por todos os elementos ULR hierárquicos, por exemplo, SIP: usuário@company.com, 80000001@beijing, ou username@202.112.10.4. e pode ser associado com um endereço de E-mail diretamente.
- Negociação das características de parâmetros de sessão: SIP permite que os participantes em uma chamada negociem as características dos parâmetros da sessão. Por exemplo, a função de videochamada não pode ser utilizada quando vários usuários de videochamada tem uma sessão com um usuário do telefone móvel. Depois de o usuário do telefone móvel encerrar a sessão, os usuários de videochamada podem renegociar sobre o uso a função de vídeo.
- Gerenciamento de participantes na chamada: Durante uma sessão, os participantes podem convidar outros usuários para participar, transferir, manter e cancelar a conexão.
- Componentes do SIP
- SIP consiste de dois componentes básicos: agente de usuário SIP e servidor de rede SIP, onde as comunicações SIP são realizadas.Arquivo:SessionInitiationProtocol(SIP)ComponentesBasicos.jpg
- The SIP user agent is actually the terminal system component of the call. The SIP network server is the network equipment that processes signaling related to multi-point call (IP conference), and it is responsible for resolving user names and locating users.
- Applications of SIP
- SIP supports powerful multimedia services and is extendable to support different applications. In fixed-line softswitch applications, SIP is located at the call control layer of the flat architecture, and supports call connection between different softswitches. From the viewpoint of routing, there are two cases for the usage of SIP architecture:
- In the first case, normal ISDN User Protocol (ISUP) messages are encapsulated into SIP messages (with additional information added) for transmission. Functions such as call server, number, route analysis, signaling and service interworking remain unchanged, and route analysis routes the messages to the destination IP addresses.
- The second case is based on the ENUM (telephone number mapping working group of IETF) database. In this case, the call control of the call server does not provide number and route analysis functions, which is absolutely different from that of current circuit-switched network. But service mapping and interworking are still required. Because the Circuit Identification Code (CIC), ISUP management process and Message Transfer Protocol (MTP) are not used, the standard ISUP needs to be modified correspondingly. #*Therefore, the network management is simplified (such as, there is no signaling network and routing definition). Also in this mode, the control of telecom carriers on networks is reduced and control modes have great changes, compared with current networks.
- The aforesaid analysis shows that the application of SIP disables some functions of current telephone networks. To introduce these functions, you need to extend SIP.
- SIP supports powerful multimedia services and is extendable to support different applications. In fixed-line softswitch applications, SIP is located at the call control layer of the flat architecture, and supports call connection between different softswitches. From the viewpoint of routing, there are two cases for the usage of SIP architecture:
SIP-T
- SIP-T é definido pela RFC 3372 da IETF. A suíte de protocolos do SIP-T contém RFC 3372, RFC 2976, RFC 3204 e RFC 3398.
- SIP-T é uma extensão do SIP, que herda a flexibilidade do SIP, provê suporte adicional para aplicações de telefone e portanto, é muito apropriada para redes IP. SIP-T permite que as mensagens SIP transportem sinalização ISUP. Ele estabelece três modelos para interoperação entre SIP e ESUP em uma base fim-a-fim, que são:
- Chamada PSTN-PSTN sobre uma rede SIP;
- Chamada SIP-PSTN;
- Chamada PSTN-SIP.
- SIP-T oferece dois métodos para a interoperação entre SIP e ISUP, que são mapeamento e encapsulamento, que são definidos pelas RFC's 3398 e 3204, respectivamente. Entretanto, o SIP-T somente se concentra em chamadas básicas, e não envolve serviços suplementares.
SIP-I
- SIP-I contém TRQ.2815 e Q.1912.5 do grupo ITU-TSG11. TRQ.2815 define requerimentos técnicos para interoperar entre SIP e o protocolo BICC/ISUP (Bearer Independent Call Control), incluindo modelo de interface de operação, capacidade de o protocolo ser suportado pelo InterWorkng Unit (IWU), e modelo de segurança da interface de interoperação.
- Q.1912.5 define a interoperação em detalhes de acordo com diferentes capacidades de protocolos ser suportados pelo IWU na interface NNI (Network-to-Network Interface) do lado SIP entre:
- 3GPPSIP e BICC/ISUP;
- SIP e BICC/ISUP;
- SIP-I e BICC/ISUP.
- SIP-I reusa muitos padrões e projetos da IETF, que cobre não somente a interoperação de chamadas básicas, mas a interoperação de serviços suplementares BICC/ISUP.
Comparison of SIP, SIP-T and SIP-I
- SIP can connect users that use any IP networks (wired LAN and WAN, public Internet backbone network, 2.5G, 3G and Wi-Fi mobile networks) and any IP equipment (telephone, PC, Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and mobile handheld equipment), so it improves the communication mode between enterprise and user. Even if SIP-based applications (such as VOIP, multimedia conference, push-to-talk, location service, online information and IM) are used independently, they can provide many new business opportunities for service provider, Independent Software Vendor (ISV), and network equipment supplier and developer. However, the basic value of SIP lies in that it can combine these functions into seamless communication services to a larger degree.
- SIP-I and SIP-T are all extensions to SIP. However, SIP-I reuses many IETF standards and drafts and is richer than SIP-T in contents. SIP-I contains not only the interworking of the basic call, but also the interworking of supplementary services such as CLIP and CLIR. Besides interworking of the call signaling, SIP-I takes other issues into account such as resource reservation, media information conversion, and interworking between fixed-line SIP/3GPPSIP and BICC/ISUP. The most important is that SIP-I inherits advantages (such as clarity, preciseness and elaboration) of the traditional ITU-T recommendations and is much better than SIP-T in operability.
- At present, SIP is a dominant protocol that controls the communication between softswitch and application server, and will be the absolutely dominant protocol for communication between softswitch and terminal in the future. In the context of inter-softswitch communication, SIP - T has a wider application. For example, in CDMA2000 protocol, SIP-T is used between MSCes. SIP - I has been regarded as the core interworking protocol between softswitch and traditional telecommunication networks by 3GPP, main telecommunication carriers and big telecommunication equipment supplier around the world. (Li Zhaowei)
Referências:
Pesquisador
André Carrijo de Oliveira