Inglës Básico

Inglês Básico

Text

Why in the world

• Behaviour is difficult to meaasure, but manu scientists agree about certain differences between the sexes. They say that girls are superior at reading and understanding difficult material, and that they speaks more fluently. Boys are generally better at mathematics.
• They are good at reading maps and they are without doubt more aggressive both phisically and verbally. That doesn't mean, of course, that a particular boy is better at math's than a particular girls, or that he is necessarily more aggressive. Scientists are talking about the average.
• Aggression in mean probably comes from prehistoric times, when only adept fithters could survive. Anthropologists point out that men were usually hunters or killers. It was rare for women to go to war. If similarities exists between societies, behavioural scientists say they probably stem from biological factors.

The microscope

• A mivcroscope is an instrument used to help see things that are too small to see with the naked eye. The word microscope is a combination of two Greek words. The words are mikros, or "small", and skopos, or "watchers". So a microscope is a "watcher of small".
• A microscope consists of a series of lenses in a hollow tube. A lens is a transparent piece of glass that makes an object look larger. The lenses in a microscope are called magnifying lenses. The are the top of the tube is called the eyepiece. The lens at the bottom of the tube is called the objective.
• A microscope has many uses. Medical scientists use microscopes to see tiny organisms live bacteria that causes diseases. Scientists also use microscopes to look at the structure of metals and the cells of plants.
• Microscopes are used in science, medicine and industry.

The Milky Way

• If you are under the sky in the desert or in the mountains, on a moonless night, far from the light pollution of the cities, the spectacle overhad is awesome: a river of stars seemingly without number, stretching from horizon from horizon. This great celestial spectacle is the Milky Way, the galaxy which is our home.
• When, in 1924, the American astronomer Edwin Hubble annouced that the Andromeda Nebula was not part of the Milky Way but in fact a neighboring galaxy, the field of extragalactic astronomy was born,. This led to an extraordinary insight into the possible structure of the universe.

London`s Park

• I`m lying under a tree in St. James Park. There are three downtown parks adjoining each other - St. James and Green, both small, and the big one, Hyde Park.
• All the parks in London are very serene, veru gentle. Young couples are going by, arm in arm, quietly, no transistor radios or guitars in hand. Families are picknicking on the lawn sedately. Dogs are going by on leashes, equally sedate, looking neither to the right nor to the left. There is one exception: a woman is coming by with a small gray poodle on a leash. I say hello to the poodle and he veers towards me, always-glad-to-meet-a-friend, but the woman yanks him back.
• "Please, don't do that" she says to me sharply. "I'm trying to teach him good manners."
• I think, "Pity he can't do that for you."

Terror in a computer world

• A virus is basically an information disorder. Biological viruses use the genetic code of living cells to multiply. Like its biological counterpart, a computer virus carries in its instructional code the recipe for making perfect copies of itself. Lodged in a computer, the typical virus takes temporary control of the operating system. When the infected computer comes in contact with a uninfected piece of software a copy of the virus passes into the new program. Thus the infection can be spread from computer to computer.
• Viruses can travel from one place to another as fast as a phone call. A single virus can quickly turn up in computers hundred of miles away.
• Computer virus can be avoided. Most computers experts warn other users about viruses. "Remember", they say, "only you can prevent a virus epidemic! Don't lend discs. Don't copy software. Don't let anyone touch your computer. Don't panic. Just say no".

The X-Rays

• Roentgen, Wilhelm Konrad. Also Roentgen. 1845-1923. German physics
  • Discovered and studied x-rays (From: The Heritage Illustrated Dictionary)
• X-ray, X-rays, ... X-rayed
• 1. An X-ray is a type of radiation that can pass through most solid materials. X-rays are commonly used by doctors to examine the bones or organs inside your body and at airports to see inside people`s luggage.
• 2. An X-ray is a picture made by sending X-rays through something, usually someone`s body. She was advised to have an abdominal X-rays.
• 3. If someone or something is X-rayed, an X-ray picture is taken of them. All hand baggage will be X-rayed ... , They took my pulse, took my bllod pressure, and X-rayed my jaw.
  • From Collins Cobuild English Dictiionary)

• "Some of the rays were stopped by the bones and produced a clear shadow of the hand's skeleton".
• One day in 1895 a German scientist named Wilhelm Roentgen discovered an astonishing thing. He was experimenting with the electron rays, shooting them at a coated glass screen. Roentgen happened to pass his hands between the rays and the screen. To his amazement, the shadow of the bones inside his hand appeared instead! Most of the rays were passing right to the flesh of his hand lightining the screen, but some of them were stopped by the bones abd produced a clear shadow of the hand's skeleton. Roentgen had discovered the X-rays.

Revision

• a, an
  • a => a horse (rorse), a university (yuniversiti)
  • an => an hour (aur), an x-box (equiboquis)

• At, On, In
  • at - momento específico, horários
    • at lunch, at break, at five o'clock
  • on - dia da semana.
    • On wednesday
  • In - data distante - 1996

• Leave, Live
  • To leave => liv, beach => bitii
  • To live => liiv

• Time
  • quarter => 15 minutes
    • 12h15 => a quarter past twelve
    • 01h15 => a quarter past one
    • 01h30 => one a half (réf)

• To, To the
  • I go to the party, to the club, to the beach
  • I go To school, to work
  • I go downtown, home

• The
  • Não distingue singular de plural
  • o, a
  • os, as

• Do, pay, put
  • To do - did
    • He did not do
  • To pay - paid
    • They did not pay
  • To put - put
    • She did not put
  • She paid you
    • Did she pay you?

• nothing
  • Eu não fiz nada
  • I did nothing
  • I did not do anything

• oso, osa
  • It is rainy
  • It is sunny
  • It is cloudy
  • It is foggy

• Present Progressive/Continous
  • To be + ....... ing
    • I Like playing
    • I hate playing
    • I love playing

• I want to play
• I need to play
• I know how to
  • It is raining today
  • It usually rains on October
  • to finish
  • to quit
  • to enjoy

• Past
  • To do - did
    • She paid you?
    • Did she pay you?
  • To pay - paid
  • To put - put

• Negative
  • Eu não fiz nada
    • I did nothing
    • I didn't do anything

• Datas:
  • 1845-1923
    • From eighteen-fourty five to nineteen-twenty three

• Past continous
  • to be + ing
    • I was doing - eu estava fazendo
    • I was teaching - eu estava ensinando
  • Were you playing?
  • You were nt playing

• Preciso, devo
  • I have to buy - eu preciso comprar
  • I must to buy - eu devo comprar

• Past
  • To buy - bought

Numbers

1. One
2. Two
3. Three
4. Four
5. Five
6. Six
7. Seven
8. Eight
9. Nine
10. Ten
11. Eleven => ileven
12. Twelve
13. Thirteen => trertin
14. Fourteen
15. Fifteen
16. Sixteen
17. Seventeen
18. Eighteen
19. Nineteen
20. Twenty => Tueni
21. Twenty-one
22. Twenty-two

• 30 Thirty => tar ri
• 40 Fourty
• 50 Fifty
• 60 Sixty
• 70 Seventy
• 80 Eighty
• 90 Ninety
• 100 One hundred

Vocabulary

Inglês
# A little bit => um pouquinho
# About => aproximadamente, sobre
# Already
# Animal
# Beans
# Boss
# Chicken
# City
# Clean the house
# Cooker => fogão
# Country
# Course
# Cow
# Director
# Door
# Drills => pŕatica
# French fries => chips
# Friendly
# Have a nice easter
# Haze - neblina
# Help
# Here
# Horse
# If
# lawn - gramado
# Lawn =: gramado
# leashes - coleira
# Leashes => coleira
# Lodged - interposto
# Lying - deitado, mentindo
# Magazine
# Maid => Meiri
# Meal
# Money
# Month
# More
# Neighbor => niguibour
# Newspaper
# NightStand => criado-mudo
# Office => Ofis
# Often
# Ox - Oxes
# Parents => pérentis (pais)
# Pie => torta
# Pig
# Plane
# Pork
# Relative => parentes
# Rice
# Rope
# Salad => Seled
# sedate - calmo
# Sedate => calmo
# Slip
# Sofa
# State
# Test
# Then
# There
# This afternoon
# This morning
# Ticket
# Tired
# To borrow
# To close
# To cook
# To get up
# To have breakfast
# To have dinner
# To have lunch
# To have supper
# To help
# To know
# To leave => liiivi
# To lend => emprestar
# To live => lívi
# To lodged => alocar
# To open
# To prefer => prifer
# To read
# To tie => amarrar
# To turn up - aparecer, virar para cima
# To wirte
# Until
# Usually => iusualli
# Very
# What
# Window
# Writing

1. Pork
2. Pig
3. Parents => pérentis (pais)
4. Relative => parentes
5. Boss
6. Money
7. Here
8. There
9. Month
10. What
11. Very
12. Course
13. This morning
14. This afternoon
15. To help
16. To know
17. To read
18. To wirte
19. Newspaper
20. Magazine
21. Animal
22. Horse
23. Ox - Oxes
24. Cow
25. Chicken
26. About => aproximadamente, sobre
27. To open
28. To close
29. To live => lívi
30. To leave => liiivi
31. To prefer => prifer
32. Door
33. Window
34. Neighbor => niguibour
35. Usually => iusualli
36. Until
37. More
38. Test
39. Office => Ofis
40. Already
41. Ticket
42. Then
43. City
44. State
45. Country
46. Rice
47. Beans
48. Salad => Seled
49. To get up
50. To have breakfast
51. To have lunch
52. To have supper
53. To have dinner
54. lawn - gramado
55. sedate - calmo
56. leashes - coleira
57. To turn up - aparecer, virar para cima
58. Lodged - interposto
59. Lying - deitado, mentindo
60. Haze - neblina
61. Sedate => calmo
62. Lawn =: gramado
63. Leashes => coleira
64. To lend => emprestar
65. To borrow
66. To lodged => alocar
67. Help
68. Meal
69. To tie => amarrar
70. Writing
71. Slip
72. Rope
73. To cook
74. Cooker => fogão
75. Friendly
76. Plane
77. French fries => chips
78. Sofa
79. Pie => torta
80. Clean the house
81. A little bit => um pouquinho
82. Tired
83. Director
84. If
85. Often
86. Noi problem!
87. Maid => Meiri
88. Have a nice easter
89. NightStand => criado-mudo
90. Drills => pŕatica
91. Cup => xicara
92. Mug => caneca
93. Glass => copo, vidro
94. Soda - pop => refri
95. Astonishing => estonteante
96. Coated => blindada
97. Amazement => deslumbramento
98. Instead => em vez disso

Exercise I

• Translate the sentences into English:

1. . Fazer \ pagar \pôr
   1. . To Do
   2. . To Pay
   3. . To Put
2. . Eu nunca faço isso
   1. . I never do it that
3. . Ela não fez nada
   1. . She didn't do anything
4. . Você fez tudo o que eu queria?
   1. . Did you do everything I wanted?
5. . O que eles estão fazendo?
   1. . What are they doing?
6. . Eu coloquei meu celular na mesa
   1. . I put my cell on the table
7. . Ele não colocou o livro aqui.
   1. . He didn't put the book here.
8. . O que eles colocaram na bolsa?
   1. . What did they put in the bag?
9. . Elas colocaram tudo na bolsa.
   1. . They put everything in the bag.
10. . Alguém está fazendo isto para ele.
    1. . Someone is doing this for him.
11. . Eu não conheço ninguém aqui.
    1. . I don't know anybody here.
12. . Você conhece alguém lá?
    1. . Do you know anyone there?
13. . Ninguém está pronto para ir.
    1. . Nobody is ready to go.
14. . Esta é a primeira vez que eu falo inglês \ francês \viajo.
    1. . This is the first time I speak english
    2. . This is the first time I speak french
    3. . This is the first time I travel.
15. . O que eles fizeram nas férias? \na escola \aqui?
    1. . What did they do on vacation?
    2. . What did they do at school?
    3. . What did they do here?
16. . Você ajudou o homem na esquina? \na rua \com o projeto?
    1. . Did you help the man on the corner?
    2. . Did you help the man in the street.
    3. . Did you help the man with the project.
17. . O carro é caro ou barato? \produto \máquina
    1. . Is the car expensive or cheap?
    2. . Is the product expensive or cheap?
    3. . Is the machine expensive or cheap?
18. . Eu quero terminar este livro agora. \este mes \esta semana
    1. . I want to finish this book now.
    2. . I want to finish this month.
    3. . I want to finish this week.
19. . Ele é muito lento. \rápidpo \esquecido \teimoso.
    1. . He is very slow. very fast.
    2. . He isvery forgetfull.
    3. . He isvery stubborn.
    4. . spoiled => mimada
    5. . too slow => lento demais
20. . Eu visitei alguém especial ontem. \não visitei.
    1. . I visited someone special yesterday.
    2. . I didn't visit anyone special yesterday.
21. . Você tem um ótimo carro. \emprego \ideia.
    1. . You have a great car.
    2. . You have a great job.
    3. . You have a great idea.
22. . Ele está trabalhando muito rápido. \aprendendo.
    1. . He is working very fast.
    2. . He is learning very fast.
23. . Eu não entendi porque meu médico me telefonou. \perguntou.
    1. . I didn't understand why my doctor called me.
    2. . I didn't understand why my doctor asked me.
    3. . (phoned)
24. . Ela está esperando por você. \mim \nós.
    1. . She is waiting for you.
    2. . She is waiting for me.
    3. . She is waiting for us.
25. . Estou quase pronto. \ela \nós.
    1. . I am almost ready.
    2. . She is almost ready. .
    3. . We are almost ready. .
26. . Ela está muito doente. \triste \atrasada. \
    1. . She is very sick.
    2. . She is very sad.
    3. . She is very late.
27. . Qual canção você quer cantar? \prefere \escolhe
    1. . What song do you want to sing?
    2. . What song do you prefer to?
    3. . What song do you choose?
28. . Eu trabalho em frente a minha casa. \estudo.
    1. . I work in front of my house.
    2. . I study in front of my house.
29. . Quem está esperando por você? \trabalhando \estudando
    1. . Who is waiting for you?
    2. . Who is working for you?
    3. . Who is studying for you?
30. . Eles comeram todo o bolo. \torta \sobremesa
    1. . They ate all the cake.
    2. . They ate all the pie.
    3. . They ate all the dessert.
31. . Eu fui ao interior. \nós \eles
    1. . I went to the countryside.
    2. . We went to the countryside.
    3. . They went to the countryside.
32. . Eu vim ao Brasil. \ela \ele \nós.
    1. . I came to Brazil.
    2. . She came to Brazil.
    3. . He came to Brazil.
    4. . They came to Brazil.
33. . Quando você leu pela última vez? \estudou
    1. . When did you read for last time?
    2. . When did you study
34. . Ela não tomou o remédio? \eu \vocês
    1. . She didnn't take the medicine.
35. . Eles não conversaram conosco. \com ela \com ele
    1. . They didn't talk to us.
    2. . They didn't talk to her.
    3. . They didn't talk to him.
    4. . (speak => with)
36. . Eu não estava doente. \ela \ele \nós \você
    1. . I was not sick.
    2. . She was not sick.
    3. . He was not sick.
    4. . You was not sick.
37. . Eles estavam juntos \comigo. \ela estava comigo \com você
    1. . They were together.
    2. . They were with me.
    3. . She was with me.
    4. . She was with you.
38. . Eles eram amigos. \nós \vocês.
    1. . They were friends.
    2. . We were friends.
    3. . You were friends.
39. . Eu não estava lá. \ela \nós \eles
    1. . I was not there.
    2. . She was not there.
    3. . We were not there.
    4. . They were not there.
40. . Eu levo meus filhos à escola. \ao clube \à igreja
    1. . I take my children to school.
    2. . I take my children to the club.
    3. . I take my children to church.
41. . Como você sabe, eu estudo muito. \trabalho \durmo
    1. . As you know, I study a lot.
    2. . As you know, I work a lot
    3. . As you know, I sleep a lot
42. . Eu era, \fui \estava \eles eram \foram \estavam
    1. . I was.
    2. . I was.
    3. . They were.
    4. . They were.
    5. . They were.